fix.

pkg/detectors/securitytrails/securitytrails.go

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package securitytrails
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -13,37 +13,31 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
 	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
 
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	keyPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"securitytrails"}) + `\b([a-zA-Z0-9]{32})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"securitytrails", "security trails"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("securitytrails"), []byte("security trails")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify SecurityTrails secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
 
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		s1 := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_SecurityTrails,
-			Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
@@ -51,14 +45,13 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
-			req.Header.Add("APIKEY", resMatch)
+			req.Header.Add("APIKEY", string(resMatch))
 			res, err := client.Do(req)
 			if err == nil {
 				defer res.Body.Close()
 				if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
 					s1.Verified = true
 				} else {
-					// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
 					if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 						continue
 					}
@@ -68,7 +61,6 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 
 		results = append(results, s1)
 	}
-
 	return results, nil
 }
 

pkg/detectors/segmentapikey/segmentapikey.go

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package segmentapikey
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -26,25 +26,23 @@ var (
 
 // Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
 // Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"segment"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("segment")}
 }
 
 // FromData will find and optionally verify SegmentApiKey secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		s1 := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_SegmentApiKey,
-			Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
-			req.Header.Add("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", resMatch))
+			req.Header.Add("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", string(resMatch)))
 			res, err := client.Do(req)
 			if err == nil {
 				defer res.Body.Close()

pkg/detectors/selectpdf/selectpdf.go

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 package selectpdf
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
@@ -15,43 +14,36 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
 	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
-
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	keyPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"selectpdf"}) + `\b([a-z0-9-]{36})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"selectpdf"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("selectpdf")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify SelectPDF secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
 
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		s1 := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_SelectPDF,
-			Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
 			timeout := 10 * time.Second
 			client.Timeout = timeout
-			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", fmt.Sprintf("https://selectpdf.com/api2/convert/?key=%s&url=google.com", resMatch), nil)
+			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "https://selectpdf.com/api2/convert/?key="+string(resMatch)+"&url=google.com", nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
@@ -61,7 +53,6 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 				if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
 					s1.Verified = true
 				} else {
-					// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
 					if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 						continue
 					}

pkg/detectors/semaphore/semaphore.go

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 package semaphore
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -27,21 +26,20 @@ var (
 
 // Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
 // Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"semaphore.co"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("semaphore.co")}
 }
 
 // FromData will find and optionally verify Semaphore secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
 
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		if !detectors.HasDigit(resMatch) {
 			continue
@@ -49,11 +47,11 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 
 		s1 := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_Semaphore,
-			Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
-			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", fmt.Sprintf("https://api.semaphore.co/api/v4/account?apikey=%s", resMatch), nil)
+			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", fmt.Sprintf("https://api.semaphore.co/api/v4/account?apikey=%s", string(resMatch)), nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
@@ -61,16 +59,11 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 			res, err := client.Do(req)
 			if err == nil {
 				defer res.Body.Close()
-				bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
-				if err != nil {
-					continue
-				}
-				body := string(bodyBytes)
-				if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 && strings.Contains(body, "account_id") {
+				if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
 					s1.Verified = true
 				} else {
 					// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
-					if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
+					if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive([]byte(resMatch), detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 						continue
 					}
 				}

pkg/detectors/sendbird/sendbird.go

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package sendbird
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -14,60 +14,52 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
 	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
 
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	keyPat   = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"sendbird"}) + `\b([0-9a-f]{40})\b`)
 	appIdPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"sendbird"}) + `\b([0-9A-F]{8}-[0-9A-F]{4}-[0-9A-F]{4}-[0-9A-F]{4}-[0-9A-F]{12})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"sendbird"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("sendbird")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify Sendbird secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
-	appIdMatches := appIdPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
+	appIdMatches := appIdPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, appIdMatch := range appIdMatches {
 		if len(appIdMatch) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resAppIdMatch := strings.TrimSpace(appIdMatch[1])
+		resAppIdMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(appIdMatch[1])
 
 		for _, match := range matches {
 			if len(match) != 2 {
 				continue
 			}
-			resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+			resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 			s1 := detectors.Result{
 				DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_Sendbird,
-				Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+				Raw:          resMatch,
 			}
 
 			if verify {
-				req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", fmt.Sprintf("https://api-%s.sendbird.com/v3/users", resAppIdMatch), nil)
+				req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", fmt.Sprintf("https://api-%s.sendbird.com/v3/users", string(resAppIdMatch)), nil)
 				if err != nil {
 					continue
 				}
-				req.Header.Add("Api-Token", resMatch)
+				req.Header.Add("Api-Token", string(resMatch))
 				res, err := client.Do(req)
 				if err == nil {
 					defer res.Body.Close()
 					if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
 						s1.Verified = true
 					} else {
-						// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
 						if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 							continue
 						}

pkg/detectors/sendbirdorganizationapi/sendbirdorganizationapi.go

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package sendbirdorganizationapi
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -13,37 +13,30 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
 	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
 
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	keyPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"sendbird"}) + `\b([0-9a-f]{24})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"sendbird"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("sendbird")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify SendbirdOrganizationAPI secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		s1 := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_SendbirdOrganizationAPI,
-			Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
@@ -51,14 +44,13 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
-			req.Header.Add("SENDBIRDORGANIZATIONAPITOKEN", resMatch)
+			req.Header.Add("SENDBIRDORGANIZATIONAPITOKEN", string(resMatch))
 			res, err := client.Do(req)
 			if err == nil {
 				defer res.Body.Close()
 				if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
 					s1.Verified = true
 				} else {
-					// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
 					if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 						continue
 					}

pkg/detectors/sendgrid/sendgrid.go

@@ -1,21 +1,19 @@
 package sendgrid
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
-	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/pb/detectorspb"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
+	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
+	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/pb/detectorspb"
 )
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
@@ -24,55 +22,45 @@ var (
 	keyPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"sendgrid"}) + `(SG\.[\w\-_]{20,24}\.[\w\-_]{39,50})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"SG."}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("SG.")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify Sendgrid secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		res := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		s := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_SendGrid,
-			Raw:          []byte(res),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
-			// there are a few endpoints we can check, but templates seems the least sensitive.
-			// 403 will be issued if the scope is wrong but the key is correct
-			baseURL := "https://api.sendgrid.com/v3/templates"
+			baseURL := []byte("https://api.sendgrid.com/v3/templates")
 
-			// test `read_user` scope
-			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", baseURL, nil)
+			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", string(baseURL), nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
-			req.Header.Add("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", res))
+			req.Header.Add("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", resMatch))
 			req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/json")
 			res, err := client.Do(req)
 			if err == nil {
-				res.Body.Close() // The request body is unused.
+				res.Body.Close()
 
-				// 200 means good key and has `templates` scope
-				// 403 means good key but not the right scope
-				// 401 is bad key
 				if res.StatusCode == http.StatusOK || res.StatusCode == http.StatusForbidden {
 					s.Verified = true
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
-		if !s.Verified && detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(string(s.Raw), detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
+		if !s.Verified && detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 			continue
 		}
 

pkg/detectors/sendinbluev2/sendinbluev2.go

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package sendinbluev2
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -22,27 +22,22 @@ var (
 	keyPat = regexp.MustCompile(`\b(xkeysib\-[A-Za-z0-9_-]{81})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"xkeysib"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("xkeysib")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify SendinBlueV2 secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		s1 := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_SendinBlueV2,
-			Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
@@ -50,7 +45,7 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
-			req.Header.Add("api-key", resMatch)
+			req.Header.Add("api-key", string(resMatch))
 			res, err := client.Do(req)
 			if err == nil {
 				defer res.Body.Close()

pkg/detectors/sentiment/sentiment.go

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package sentiment
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -13,51 +13,44 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
 	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
 
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	tokenPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"sentiment"}) + `\b([a-zA-Z0-9]{20})\b`)
 	keyPat   = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"sentiment"}) + `\b([0-9]{17})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"sentiment"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("sentiment")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify Sentiment secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-
-	tokenMatches := tokenPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
-	keyMatches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	tokenMatches := tokenPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
+	keyMatches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range tokenMatches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		tokenMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+		tokenMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		for _, secret := range keyMatches {
 			if len(secret) != 2 {
 				continue
 			}
 
-			keyMatch := strings.TrimSpace(secret[1])
+			keyMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(secret[1])
 
 			s1 := detectors.Result{
 				DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_Sentiment,
-				Raw:          []byte(tokenMatch),
+				Raw:          tokenMatch,
 			}
 
 			if verify {
-				req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "https://api.sentimentinvestor.com/v4/parsed?symbol=AAPL&token="+tokenMatch+"&key="+keyMatch, nil)
+				req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "https://api.sentimentinvestor.com/v4/parsed?symbol=AAPL&token="+string(tokenMatch)+"&key="+string(keyMatch), nil)
 				if err != nil {
 					continue
 				}
@@ -68,7 +61,6 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 					if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
 						s1.Verified = true
 					} else {
-						// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
 						if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(tokenMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 							continue
 						}

pkg/detectors/sentrytoken/sentrytoken.go

@@ -1,78 +1,126 @@
 package sentrytoken
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/pb/detectorspb"
 )
 
-type Scanner struct{}
+type Scanner struct {
+	client *http.Client
+}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
-	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
+	defaultClient = common.SaneHttpClient()
 
 	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	keyPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"sentry"}) + `\b([a-f0-9]{64})\b`)
+
+	errUnauthorized = fmt.Errorf("token unauthorized")
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"sentry"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("sentry")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify SentryToken secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 		s1 := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_SentryToken,
-			Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
-			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "https://sentry.io/api/0/projects/", nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				continue
+			client := s.client
+			if client == nil {
+				client = defaultClient
 			}
-			req.Header.Add("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", resMatch))
-			// req.Header.Add("Cookie", "sc=g2ceDPcsBwPLGXugHUv0coGBi09TQYKqmtp0u4JYdIvOTFd28yVvn1yiuXgmJJa8; session=.eJwNyE0OwiAQQGGsPwtP4kqoGQa4gUdgZ2CGiaZJCUqjGxOPbnfve7_h29QpHpVSvbw61To9StvEwzre9TkVbkPcr7jN5dPbNl7X1jUt_a4vLpEHgUycQSgFZ0YBRkGxnthxwIyBAgdngcF4YxBssiMjekGv2245_wHyySMG:1m0J5S:FjpRlBVuFx577UQp6GcSGWTq0uk")
-			res, err := client.Do(req)
-			if err == nil {
-				defer res.Body.Close()
-				if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
-					s1.Verified = true
-				} else {
-					// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
-					if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
-						continue
-					}
-				}
+			isVerified, verificationErr := verifyToken(ctx, client, string(resMatch))
+
+			switch {
+			case errors.Is(verificationErr, errUnauthorized):
+				s1.Verified = false
+			case isVerified:
+				s1.Verified = true
+			default:
+				s1.VerificationError = verificationErr
 			}
 		}
 
+		if !s1.Verified && detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
+			continue
+		}
 		results = append(results, s1)
 	}
 
 	return results, nil
 }
 
+type Response []Project
+
+type Project struct {
+	Organization Organization `json:"organization"`
+}
+
+type Organization struct {
+	ID   string `json:"id"`
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+}
+
+func verifyToken(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, token string) (bool, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, "https://sentry.io/api/0/projects/", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Add("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", token))
+
+	res, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	var isVerified bool
+	switch res.StatusCode {
+	case http.StatusOK, http.StatusForbidden:
+		isVerified = true
+	case http.StatusUnauthorized:
+		return false, errUnauthorized
+	default:
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("unexpected HTTP response status %d", res.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	bytes, readErr := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if readErr != nil {
+		return false, readErr
+	}
+
+	var resp Response
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(bytes, &resp); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return isVerified, err
+}
+
 func (s Scanner) Type() detectorspb.DetectorType {
 	return detectorspb.DetectorType_SentryToken
 }

pkg/detectors/serphouse/serphouse.go

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package serphouse
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -14,37 +14,31 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
 	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
 
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	keyPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"serphouse"}) + `\b([0-9A-Za-z]{60})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"serphouse"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("serphouse")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify Serphouse secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		s1 := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_Serphouse,
-			Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
@@ -53,14 +47,14 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 				continue
 			}
 			req.Header.Add("Accept", "application/vnd.serphouse+json; version=3")
-			req.Header.Add("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", resMatch))
+			req.Header.Add("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", string(resMatch)))
+
 			res, err := client.Do(req)
 			if err == nil {
 				defer res.Body.Close()
 				if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
 					s1.Verified = true
 				} else {
-					// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
 					if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 						continue
 					}

pkg/detectors/serpstack/serpstack.go

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package serpstack
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
@@ -16,37 +16,34 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
+// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var (
 	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
 
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	keyPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"serpstack"}) + `\b([a-z0-9]{32})\b`)
 )
 
 // Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"serpstack"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("serpstack")}
 }
 
 // FromData will find and optionally verify SerpStack secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		s1 := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_SerpStack,
-			Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
@@ -60,17 +57,11 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 			if err == nil {
 				bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
 				if err == nil {
-					bodyString := string(bodyBytes)
-					validResponse := strings.Contains(bodyString, `search_url`) || strings.Contains(bodyString, `"info":"Access Restricted - Your current Subscription Plan does not support HTTPS Encryption."`)
+					validResponse := bytes.Contains(bodyBytes, []byte(`search_url`)) || bytes.Contains(bodyBytes, []byte(`"info":"Access Restricted - Your current Subscription Plan does not support HTTPS Encryption."`))
 					defer res.Body.Close()
 					if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
-						if validResponse {
-							s1.Verified = true
-						} else {
-							s1.Verified = false
-						}
+						s1.Verified = validResponse
 					} else {
-						// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
 						if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 							continue
 						}
@@ -78,13 +69,12 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 				}
 			}
 		}
-
 		results = append(results, s1)
 	}
-
 	return results, nil
 }
 
+// Type returns DetectorType for this Detector
 func (s Scanner) Type() detectorspb.DetectorType {
 	return detectorspb.DetectorType_SerpStack
 }

pkg/detectors/sheety/sheety.go

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package sheety
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -14,48 +14,41 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
 	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
 
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	keyPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"sheety"}) + `\b([0-9a-z]{64})\b`)
 	idPat  = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"sheety"}) + `\b([0-9a-z]{32})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"sheety"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("sheety")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify Sheety secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
-	idmatches := idPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
+	idmatches := idPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 		for _, idmatch := range idmatches {
 			if len(idmatch) != 2 {
 				continue
 			}
-			resIdMatch := strings.TrimSpace(idmatch[1])
+			resIdMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(idmatch[1])
 
 			s1 := detectors.Result{
 				DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_Sheety,
-				Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+				Raw:          resMatch,
 			}
 
 			if verify {
-				req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "https://api.sheety.co/"+resIdMatch+"/restaurantMenu/menuItems", nil)
+				req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "https://api.sheety.co/"+string(resIdMatch)+"/restaurantMenu/menuItems", nil)
 				if err != nil {
 					continue
 				}
@@ -66,7 +59,6 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 					if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
 						s1.Verified = true
 					} else {
-						// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
 						if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 							continue
 						}
@@ -76,7 +68,6 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 
 			results = append(results, s1)
 		}
-
 	}
 
 	return results, nil

pkg/detectors/sherpadesk/sherpadesk.go

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package sherpadesk
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	b64 "encoding/base64"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -15,37 +15,31 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
 	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
 
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	keyPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"sherpadesk"}) + `\b([0-9a-z]{32})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"sherpadesk"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("sherpadesk")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify Sherpadesk secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
 
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		s1 := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_Sherpadesk,
-			Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
@@ -63,7 +57,6 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 				if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
 					s1.Verified = true
 				} else {
-					// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
 					if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 						continue
 					}

pkg/detectors/shipday/shipday.go

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package shipday
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -14,37 +14,30 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
 	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
 
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	keyPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"shipday"}) + `\b([a-zA-Z0-9.]{11}[a-zA-Z0-9]{20})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"shipday"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("shipday")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify Shipday secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		s1 := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_Shipday,
-			Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
@@ -52,14 +45,13 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
-			req.Header.Add("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Basic %s", resMatch))
+			req.Header.Add("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Basic %s", string(resMatch)))
 			res, err := client.Do(req)
 			if err == nil {
 				defer res.Body.Close()
 				if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
 					s1.Verified = true
 				} else {
-					// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
 					if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 						continue
 					}

pkg/detectors/shodankey/shodankey.go

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package shodankey
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -15,46 +15,38 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
 	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
-
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	keyPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"shodan"}) + `\b([a-zA-Z0-9]{32})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"shodan"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("shodan")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify ShodanKey secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-	// log.Println(dataStr)
-
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		s1 := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_ShodanKey,
-			Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
-			s1.Verified = verifyToken(ctx, client, resMatch)
+			s1.Verified = verifyToken(ctx, client, string(resMatch))
 			if !s1.Verified && detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 				continue
 			}
 		}
+
 		results = append(results, s1)
 	}
 

pkg/detectors/shopify/shopify.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package shopify
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net/http"
@@ -14,48 +15,40 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
-	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
-
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
+	client    = common.SaneHttpClient()
 	keyPat    = regexp.MustCompile(`\b(shppa_|shpat_)([0-9A-Fa-f]{32})\b`)
 	domainPat = regexp.MustCompile(`[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.myshopify\.com`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"shppa_", "shpat_"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("shppa_"), []byte("shpat_")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify Shopify secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
+	keyMatches := keyPat.FindAll(data, -1)
+	domainMatches := domainPat.FindAll(data, -1)
 
-	keyMatches := keyPat.FindAllString(dataStr, -1)
-	domainMatches := domainPat.FindAllString(dataStr, -1)
+	for _, key := range keyMatches {
+		key = bytes.TrimSpace(key)
 
-	for _, match := range keyMatches {
-		key := strings.TrimSpace(match)
-
-		for _, domainMatch := range domainMatches {
-			domainRes := strings.TrimSpace(domainMatch)
+		for _, domain := range domainMatches {
+			domain = bytes.TrimSpace(domain)
 
 			s1 := detectors.Result{
 				DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_Shopify,
-				Redacted:     domainRes,
-				Raw:          []byte(key + domainRes),
+				Redacted:     string(domain),
+				Raw:          append(key, domain...),
 			}
 
 			if verify {
-				req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "https://"+domainRes+"/admin/oauth/access_scopes.json", nil)
+				req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "https://"+string(domain)+"/admin/oauth/access_scopes.json", nil)
 				if err != nil {
 					continue
 				}
-				req.Header.Add("X-Shopify-Access-Token", key)
+				req.Header.Add("X-Shopify-Access-Token", string(key))
 				res, err := client.Do(req)
 				if err == nil {
 					if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
@@ -65,7 +58,6 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 							var handleArray []string
 							for _, handle := range shopifyTokenAccessScopes.AccessScopes {
 								handleArray = append(handleArray, handle.Handle)
-
 							}
 							s1.Verified = true
 							s1.ExtraData = map[string]string{
@@ -75,21 +67,15 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 						res.Body.Close()
 					}
 				} else {
-					// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
 					if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(key, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 						continue
 					}
 				}
 			}
-
 			results = append(results, s1)
-
 		}
-
 	}
-
 	return results, nil
-
 }
 
 type shopifyTokenAccessScopes struct {

pkg/detectors/shortcut/shortcut.go

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 package shortcut
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"github.com/go-errors/errors"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -14,37 +13,29 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
 	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
-
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	keyPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"shortcut"}) + `\b([0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"shortcut"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("shortcut")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify Shortcut secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		s1 := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_Shortcut,
-			Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
@@ -53,28 +44,26 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 				continue
 			}
 			req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/json")
-			req.Header.Add("Shortcut-Token", resMatch)
+			req.Header.Add("Shortcut-Token", string(resMatch))
 			res, err := client.Do(req)
 
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.WrapPrefix(err, "Error making request", 0)
-			}
-
-			verifiedBodyResponse, err := common.ResponseContainsSubstring(res.Body, "name")
-			res.Body.Close()
-
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
-			if err == nil {
-				if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 && verifiedBodyResponse {
-					s1.Verified = true
-				} else {
-					// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
-					if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
-						continue
-					}
+			defer res.Body.Close()
+
+			verifiedBodyResponse, err := common.ResponseContainsSubstring(res.Body, "name")
+
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+
+			if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 && verifiedBodyResponse {
+				s1.Verified = true
+			} else {
+				if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
+					continue
 				}
 			}
 		}

pkg/detectors/shotstack/shotstack.go

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package shotstack
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -13,41 +13,34 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
 	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
 
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	keyPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"shotstack"}) + `\b([a-zA-Z0-9]{40})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"shotstack"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("shotstack")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify Shotstack secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		s1 := detectors.Result{
 			DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_Shotstack,
-			Raw:          []byte(resMatch),
+			Raw:          resMatch,
 		}
 
 		if verify {
-			payload := strings.NewReader(`{
+			payload := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(`{
 				"timeline":{
 				   "soundtrack":{
 					  "src":"https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/shotstack-assets/music/moment.mp3",
@@ -76,21 +69,20 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 				},
 				"output":{"format":"mp4", "resolution":"sd"
 				}
-			}`)
+			}`))
 			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", "https://api.shotstack.io/stage/render", payload)
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
 			req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/json")
 			req.Header.Add("Accept", "application/json")
-			req.Header.Add("x-api-key", resMatch)
+			req.Header.Add("x-api-key", string(resMatch))
 			res, err := client.Do(req)
 			if err == nil {
 				defer res.Body.Close()
 				if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
 					s1.Verified = true
 				} else {
-					// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
 					if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 						continue
 					}

pkg/detectors/shutterstock/shutterstock.go

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package shutterstock
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog/v3/pkg/detectors"
@@ -13,45 +13,38 @@ import (
 
 type Scanner struct{}
 
-// Ensure the Scanner satisfies the interface at compile time.
 var _ detectors.Detector = (*Scanner)(nil)
 
 var (
 	client = common.SaneHttpClient()
 
-	// Make sure that your group is surrounded in boundary characters such as below to reduce false positives.
 	keyPat    = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"shutterstock"}) + `\b([0-9a-zA-Z]{32})\b`)
 	secretPat = regexp.MustCompile(detectors.PrefixRegex([]string{"shutterstock"}) + `\b([0-9a-zA-Z]{16})\b`)
 )
 
-// Keywords are used for efficiently pre-filtering chunks.
-// Use identifiers in the secret preferably, or the provider name.
-func (s Scanner) Keywords() []string {
-	return []string{"shutterstock"}
+func (s Scanner) Keywords() [][]byte {
+	return [][]byte{[]byte("shutterstock")}
 }
 
-// FromData will find and optionally verify Shutterstock secrets in a given set of bytes.
 func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (results []detectors.Result, err error) {
-	dataStr := string(data)
-
-	matches := keyPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
-	secretMatches := secretPat.FindAllStringSubmatch(dataStr, -1)
+	matches := keyPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
+	secretMatches := secretPat.FindAllSubmatch(data, -1)
 
 	for _, match := range matches {
 		if len(match) != 2 {
 			continue
 		}
-		resMatch := strings.TrimSpace(match[1])
+		resMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(match[1])
 
 		for _, secretMatch := range secretMatches {
 			if len(secretMatch) != 2 {
 				continue
 			}
-			resSecretMatch := strings.TrimSpace(secretMatch[1])
+			resSecretMatch := bytes.TrimSpace(secretMatch[1])
 
 			s1 := detectors.Result{
 				DetectorType: detectorspb.DetectorType_Shutterstock,
-				Raw:          []byte(resSecretMatch),
+				Raw:          resSecretMatch,
 			}
 
 			if verify {
@@ -60,14 +53,13 @@ func (s Scanner) FromData(ctx context.Context, verify bool, data []byte) (result
 					continue
 				}
 				req.Header.Add("Accept", "application/json")
-				req.SetBasicAuth(resMatch, resSecretMatch)
+				req.SetBasicAuth(string(resMatch), string(resSecretMatch))
 				res, err := client.Do(req)
 				if err == nil {
 					defer res.Body.Close()
 					if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 300 {
 						s1.Verified = true
 					} else {
-						// This function will check false positives for common test words, but also it will make sure the key appears 'random' enough to be a real key.
 						if detectors.IsKnownFalsePositive(resMatch, detectors.DefaultFalsePositives, true) {
 							continue
 						}